ALGAE DISCOLORATION
A type of roof discoloration
caused by algae. Commonly called fungus growth.
ASTM
American Society
for Testing and Materials.
A
voluntary organization concerned with development of consensus standards,
testing procedures and specifications.
ASPHALT
A bituminous waterproofing agent applied to roofing materials during manufacture.
ASPHALT PLASTIC ROOFING CEMENT
An asphalt based cement used to bond roofing materials.
Also known as flashing cement
or mastic; should conform to ASTM D-4586.
BACK SURFACING
Fine mineral
matter applied to the back side of shingles to keep them from sticking.
BASE FLASHING
That portion of the flashing attached to or resting on the deck to direct the flow of water onto the roof
covering.
Blisters Bubbles that
may appear on the surface of asphalt roofing after installation.
BUNDLE
A
package of shingles. There are 3, 4 or 5 bundles per square.
BUTT EDGE
The lower edge of the shingle tabs.
CAULK
To fill a joint with mastic
or asphalt cement to prevent leaks.
CEMENT
An asphalt based cement used
to bond roofing materials. Also known as flashing cement or mastic;
should conform to ASTM D-4586. Same as ASPHALT PLASTIC ROOFING CEMENT.
CLASS "A"
The highest fire-resistance rating for roofing as per ASTM E-108.
Indicates roofing is able to withstand severe exposure
to fire originating from sources outside the building.
CLASS "C"
ASTM fire-resistance rating that indicates roofing material is able to withstand
light exposure to fire originating from sources outside the building.
CLOSED CUT VALLEY
A method of valley treatment in which shingles from
one side of the valley extend
across
the valley while shingles from the other side are trimmed 2 inches from the valley centerline.
The valley flashing is not exposed.
COATING
A layer of viscous asphalt applied to the base material into which granules or other surfacing is embedded.
COLLAR
Pre-formed flange placed over a vent pipe to seal the roof around the vent pipe
opening Also called a VENT SLEEVE.
COUNTER FLASHING
That portion of
the flashing attached to a vertical surface to prevent water from migrating behind the base flashing.
Course A row of shingles or roll roofing running the length
of the roof.
COVERAGE
Amount of weather protection provided by the roofing
material.
Depends on number
of layers of material between the exposed surface of the roofing and the deck;
i.e., single coverage, double coverage, etc.
CRICKET
A peaked saddle construction at the back of a chimney to prevent
accumulation of snow and ice and to deflect water around the chimney.
CUTOUT
The open portions of a strip shingle between the tabs.
DECK
The surface, installed over the supporting framing members, to which the roofing is applied.
DORMER
A framed window unit projecting through the sloping plane of a roof.
DRIP EDGE
A non-corrosive, non-staining material used along the eaves and rakes
to allow water run-off to drip clear of underlying construction.
EAVES
The horizontal, lower edge of a sloped roof.
EXPOSURE
That portion of the roofing exposed to the weather after installation.
FELT
Fibrous material saturated with asphalt and used as an underlayment of sheathing
paper.
FIBER GLASS MAT
An asphalt roofing base material manufactured
from glass fibers.
FLASHING
Pieces of metal or roll roofing used to prevent
seepage of water into a building
around
any intersection or projection in a roof such as vent pipes, chimneys adjoining walls,
dormers and valleys. Galvanized metal flashing should be minimum 26-gauge.
FLASHING CEMENT
An asphalt based cement used to bond roofing materials.
Also known as flashing cement or mastic;
should
conform to ASTM D-4586. SAME AS ASPHALT PLASTIC ROOFING CEMENT.
FUNGUS
A
type of roof discoloration caused by algae. Commonly called fungus growth. Also called ALGAE DISCOLORATION.
GABLE
The upper portion of a sidewall that comes to a triangular point at the ridge of
a sloping roof.
GABLE
ROOF
A type of roof containing sloping planes of the same pitch on each side of the ridge. Contains a gable
at each end.
GAMBREL ROOF
A type of roof containing two sloping planes
of different pitch on each side of the ridge.
The
lower plane has a steeper slope that the upper. Contains a gable at each end.
GRANULES
Ceramic-coated colored crushed rock that is applied to the exposed surface of asphalt roofing products.
HIP
The inclined external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof
planes. Runs from the ridge to the eaves
HIP ROOF
A type of roof containing
sloping planes of the same pitch on each of four sides. Contains no gables.
HIP SHINGLES
Shingles used to cover the inclined external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes.
ICE DAM
Condition formed at the lower roof edge by the thawing and re-freezing
of melted snow on the overhang.
Can
force water up and under shingles, causing leaks.
INTERLOCKING SHINGLES
Individual shingles that mechanically fasten to each other to provide wind resistance.
LAMINATED
SHINGLES
Strip shingles containing more than one layer of tabs to create extra thickness.
Also called three-dimensional shingles or architectural
shingles.
LAP
To cover the surface of one shingle or roll with another.
LOW SLOPE APPLICATION
Method of installing asphalt shingles on roof slopes
between 2 and 4 inches per foot.
MANSARD ROOF
A type of roof containing
two sloping planes of different pitch on each of four sides.
The lower plane has a much steeper pitch that the upper, often approaching vertical. Contains
no gables.
MASTIC
An asphalt based cement used to bond roofing materials.
Also known as flashing cement or mastic;
should
conform to ASTM D-4586. SAME AS ASPHALT PLASTIC ROOFING CEMENT.
NESTING
A method of reroofing with new asphalt shingles over old shingles in which t
he top edge of the new shingle is butted against the bottom edge of the existing
shingle tab.
NO CUT-OUT SHINGLES
Shingles consisting of a single solid
tab with no cutouts.
NORMAL SLOPE APPLICATION
Method of installing asphalt
shingles on roof slopes between 4 inches and 21 inches per foot.
OPEN VALLEY
Method of valley construction in which shingles on both sides of the valley
are trimmed along a chalk line snapped on each side of the valley.
Shingles do not extend across the valley. Valley flashing
is exposed.
ORGANIC FELT
An asphalt roofing base material manufactured
from cellulose fibers.
OVERHANG
That portion of the roof structure that
extends beyond the exterior walls of a building.
OVERLAY SHINGLE
A one-piece
base shingle to which overlay pads, consisting of an additional layer of asphalt and granules,
are applied in random patterns to simulate two-piece laminated
shingles.
PITCH
The degree of roof incline expressed as the ratio of
the rise, in feet, to the span, in feet.
RAFTER
The supporting framing
member immediately beneath the deck, sloping from the ridge to the wall plate.
RAKE
The inclined edge of a sloped roof over a wall.
RANDOM-TAB SHINGLES
Shingles on which tabs vary in size and exposure.
RELEASE TAPE
A plastic
or paper strip that is applied to the back of self-sealing shingles.
This strip prevents the shingles from sticking together in the bundles, and need not be removed
for application.
RIDGE
The uppermost, horizontal external angle formed
by the intersection of two sloping roof planes.
RIDGE SHINGLES
Shingles
used to cover the horizontal external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes.
ROLL
ROOFING
Asphalt roofing products manufactured in roll form.
SATURATED
FELT
An asphalt-impregnated felt used as an underlayment between the deck and the roofing material.
SELF-SEALING SHINGLES
Shingles containing factory-applied strips or spots of self-sealing
adhesive.
SHADING
Slight differences in shingle color that may occur as
a result of normal manufacturing operations.
SHEATHING
Exterior grade
boards used as a roof deck material.
SHED ROOF
A roof containing only
one sloping plane. Has no hips, ridges, valleys or gables.
SLOPE
The degree
of roof incline expressed as the ratio of the rise, in inches, to the run, in feet.
SOFFIT
The finished underside of the eaves.
SOIL STACK
A vent pipe that penetrates
the roof.
SQUARE
A unit of roof measure covering 100 square feet.
STARTER STRIP
Asphalt roofing applied at the eaves that provides protection
by filling i
n the spaces under
the cutouts and joints of the first course of shingles.
STEEP SLOPE APPLICATION
Method of installing asphalt shingles on roof slopes greater than 21 inches per foot.
STEP
FLASHING
Flashing application method used where a vertical surface meets a sloping roof plane.
STRIP SHINGLES
Asphalt shingles that are approximately three times as long as
they are wide.
UL
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
UL
LABEL
Label displayed on packaging to indicate the level of fire and/or wind resistance of asphalt roofing.
UNDERLAYMENT
Asphalt saturated felt used beneath roofing to provide additional
protection for the deck.
VALLEY
The internal angle formed by the intersection
of two sloping roof planes.
VAPOR RETARDER
Any material used to prevent
the passage of water vapor
VENT
Any outlet for air that protrudes through
the roof deck such as a pipe or stack.
Any
device installed on theroof, gable or soffit for the purpose of ventilating the underside of the roof deck.
VENT SLEEVE
Pre-formed flange placed over a vent pipe to seal the roof around the vent
pipe opening Also called a COLLAR.
WOVEN VALLY
Method of valley construction
in which shingles from both sides of the valley
extend
across the valley and are woven together by overlapping
alternate courses as they are applied. The valley flashing is not exposed.
